Charles quast



(No ModeL I A G AST' AIR COMPR R.

Patented July 4, 1893.

UNITED STATES P TENT OFFICE.

CHARLES QUAST, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO FRANK M. HICKS, OF SAME PLACE.

AIR-COMPRESSOR.

SPECIFICATION fonning part of Letters Patent No. 501,046, dated July 4, 1893. Application filed December 31, 1891. Serial No. 416,714. (No model.)

T0 at whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES QUAST, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Air-Compressors, of which the following is a specification.

The primary objects of my improvement are, to have neither springs nor screws in the valve-chest, to regulate the movement of the valve by regulating-valves from the outside of the compressor, and to close and open the suction and discharge-valves with a cushion and suction to prevent the valves from striking the seats with force and also to prevent them from jamming against the end-stop.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure I shows the compressor in sectional elevation. Fig. 11 is the top view of the valve-chest. Fig. 111 is a section through a-a of the valvechest. Fig. IV. is asection through b-sb (Fig. I) of the valve-chest. Fig. V. is a sectional elevation of the discharge-valve-frame and seat. Fig. V1. is a side view of the dischargevalve-frame and seat. Fig. VII. is a side view of the discharge-valve. Fig. VIII. is a section through cc Fig. VII of dischargevalve-frame. Fig. IX. is a section through. dd Fig. VI of discharge-valve-frame. Fig. X. is a section through e-e of discharge-valve. Fig. XI. is a sectional elevation of the suction-valve-frame. Fig. XII. is a side view of the suction-valve-frame. Fig. XIII. is aside view of the suction-valve. Fig. XIV. is a section through ff Fig. XI of suction-valveframe. Fig. XV. is aview of safety catch for suction-valve. Fig. XVI. is a section through h-h Fig. XIII of suction-valve. Fig. XVII. is a section through g-g Fig. XII of suctionvalve-frame. Fig. XVIII. is a view of one section of the safety-catch for suction-valve. 19, Fig. I. is an ordinary compressor-cylinder, having on its bottom a cylinder-head 20, which is, as is usual provided with a stuffingbox 21.

22 of Fig. I. is a piston which fits in cylinder 19, witha piston-rod 23, which fits in stuffing-box 21 and is connected with the engine or mechanism which operates it.

24 Figs. I. II. III. IV. is a valve-chest mounted on top of the cylinder which carries on one side in its lower bottom the discharge-valve-seat 25 Figs. I. V. VI. and on the same side between the bottom and the top the discharge-valve-frame 26, Figs. I. V. VI. The discharge-valve-seat 25 tapers at the bottom, fits opening 27 in the bottom of the valve-chest 24 and is pressed into the hole and kept in position by discharge-valve-frame 26, which with its upper end fits in the top opening of the valve-ohest 24 and is held andpressed down by valve-chest-cover 28.

Discharge-valve 29, FigsI. VII. X. is connected with piston by ribs 32, which stand in an angle to the valve-seat 29 and piston 30 so as to secure a rotating movement by each raising or lowering of the valve, so that the valve always closes ata different place. This efiect is securedby the strong current of gas striking against the inclined ribs. Said piston 30 carries a pin 33 which fits and is guided in regulating-valve 34 to secure a strictly vertical position of the valve and valve-piston 34-. Valve 34, is threaded by 35 and screwed in the stationary knot 36, which is fitted in discharge-valve-frame 26 and pressed down by valve-chest-oover 28. Valve 34 is shaped in a valve-stem 37 on one end, which carries a hand-wheel 38. The shape of valve 34 corresponds with valve-seat 39 which is bored into bridge 40 of the discharge-valve-frame 26 and leads into cylinder 41. Between bridge 40 or bottom of cylinder 41 and the top of dischargevalve-frame 26 is chamber 43 which connects with chamber 44 by holes 42. Valve-chestcover 28 is provided with a stufling-box 45 so as to prevent the escape of gas. Chamber 44 has top-opening 45 for the discharge-pipe connections.

Valve-ch est 24 is divided into two chambers, by wall 47, the discharge-chamber 44 and suction-chamber 46. Chamber 46 has a top opening 48 for the suction-pipe connections. Suction-valve-frame 49 is formed into a valveseat at the bottom and has centrical openings 50 to carry the safety-segments 51, which have a smaller internal diameter than piston 52 and prevents said piston from falling through, and into cylinder 19. The outer diameter on the lower end of valve-frame 49, which fits in the bottom of valve-chest 24, is conicall y enlarged toward cylinder 19 and is pulled in its position and kept tight by screwing the same against valve-chest-cover 53.

Suction-valve 54, Figs. 1. XIII. XVI. is connected with piston 52 by ribs 55, which stand in an angle to valve-seat 54 and piston 52 so as to secure a rotating movement by each lowering of the valve, so that the valve always closes at a different place, this eitect being secured in the way described for the other valve. Said piston 52 which has piston-rings 7O carriesa pin 56 which fits and is guided in regulating-valve 57 to secure a strictly vertical position of the valve and piston. Valve 57 which is hollow at its lower end and guides pin 56 of valve 54, is threaded at 58 and screwed in stationary knot 59, which is fitted in suction-valve-frame 49 and pressed down by valve-chest-cover 53. Valve 57 is shaped in a valve-stem 60 011 one end, which carries a hand-wheel 61. The shape of valve 57 corresponds with the valve-seat 62 which is bored into bridge 63 of suction-valve-frame 49 and opens into the chamber 64. Between bridge 63 or top of chamber 64 and top of suctionvalve-frame is chamber 65, which connects with chamber 46 by holes 66. Valve-chestcover 53 is provided with a stufiing-box 67, so as to prevent the escape of gas. In chamber 46 of the valve-chest is a flanged ring 68, which ring is connected with the side-walls of the chest by ribs 69, to keep segments 51 in position.

Valve-frame 26 has openings 71, so as to allow the gas to enter into chamber 44 and to escape through the discharge-opening 45 into the discharge-pipes. Valve-frame 49 has openings 72 so as to allow the gas to enter from chamber 46 into valve-frame and through the valve 54 into cylinder 19. Cylinder 19 has anopening 73 at its lower end, which is connected with the suction-pipe, which suction pipe is connected with opening 48. By reason of this connection, the pressure is equalized and the formation of a vacuum is prevented when the piston rises.

The operation is as follows-The piston 22 moves up and down in cylinder 19. By the down-stroke of piston 22 the discharge-valve 29 will be kept closed by the pressure on top of the same, and suction-valve 54 will open or rather move down into cylinder 19, partly through its own weight and partly through the pressure upon the same. Regulatingvalve 57 is set to be open a little, and, as the area of the opening of valve 57 is much smaller than the areaof suction-valve 54, it allows the gas to enter only very slowly through holes 66 from chamber46 into chamber and into chamber 64 upon piston 52, which is prevented from leaking by rings 70. The force of movement and the power with which valve 54 falls upon segments 51 in its opening movement can be regulated by the regulating-valve 57,which by opening the same more allows a quicker gas entrance into chamber 64, through which valve 54 can fall quickly, and by closing it more the gas can enter only slowly into chamber 64, through which valve 54 lowers slowly. The valve 54 remains open until the piston reaches the lowest point of stroke, during which time the cylinder has been filled with gas, which comes from the suction-pipes connected to hole 48 through chamber 46, holes 72 into valve-frame and through the valve which was open, into cylinder 19. The same moment piston 22 reaches its lower end and reverses, valve 54 will close, for the lower surface of the same is much larger than the upper one and so the pressure below the valve will close it into its seat in valve-frame 49. Valve 54 is connected with piston 52 by ribs 55, which stand at an angle to the vertical center of the piston, and have a pitch sufficiently large to turn the valve and piston a little at every upward and downward motion, so as to secure a uniform wear of the valve. The pressure in the cylinder is equal to the pressure in suctionchamber 46 until the piston reverses its downward motion to an upward one and valve 54 is closed, but increases as piston 22 moves upward, and when the pressure in cylinder 19 reaches the height of the pressure in discharge-chamber 44 and by further moving, the pressure will increase above the pressure in said chamber, valve 29 will be raised with great velocity and also piston 30, which is perfectly tight against leakage by rings 31, through which the gas in chamber 41 will be compressed to a great extent and escape slowly through regulating-valve 34, which is open a little. As the pressure in chamber41 increases, the velocity of piston 30 and valve 29 decreases until piston 30 has reached the the end of chamber 41. The opening or the upward movement commences with a very high speed but decreases quickly as the resistance in chamber 41 increases, preventing the valve and piston from being thrown against bridge 40. As soon as valve 29 has raised, the compressed gas escapes through the opening of the valve, and openings 71 through chamber 44, and holes 27 into thedischarge-pipes. The moment piston 22 has reached its highest point, where it comes to a standstill to reverse its motion to a downward one," valve 29 and piston 30 fall, and piston 30 will create a suction in chamber 41 and decreases its speed as the suction increases and so valve 29 will fall gently into its seat 25. These up and downward movements of valves 29 and 54 and pistons 30 and 52 are only matters of a moment as also are the increase and decrease of the movements. The speed of the rise and fall of the valve and piston 30 can be regulated by opening the regulator-valve 34 more or less. Valve 29 is connected with piston 52 by ribs 32, which stand in an angle to the vertical center of the same, and having a pitch sufficiently large to turn the valve and piston a little by every upward and downward motion, so as to secure a uniform wear of the valve. When piston 22 has come to a standstill, valve 29 has closed into seat 25 and as piston 22 begins to move downward suctionvalve 54 will open as described before. The up and down strokes of piston 22 raise and lower the valves 29 and 54 simultaneously. When piston 22 is at its lowest point the pressure above and below the piston is equalized by a connection with the suction-pipe by opening 73 and as the piston moves upward the suction-pressure assists the piston in rising with its pressure. I

74 is a water-jacket surrounding the cylinder and valve-chest, so as to prevent the same from being over-heated and at the same time to subtract some heat from the compressedgas.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In combination the cylinder 19 with its piston, a valve chest, a main chamber therein opening into the cylinder, a valve for closing the said opening, a supplemental chamber in rear of the valve communicating with the main chamber and a valve for regulating the supply of fluid to the said supplemental chamber, substantially as described.

2. In combination the cylinder and piston, the valve chest, a main chamber therein openinginto the cylinder, the valve for controlling the said opening, the supplemental chamber in rear of the valve, the supplemental valve controlling the supply of fluid to said chamber, said valve having a hand operating connection extending to the outside of the valve chest, substantially as described.

3. In combination the cylinder and piston, the valve chest having a main chamber as 44: therein, the valve frame in the main chamber, said valve frame guiding the valve and having a supplemental chamber in rear of the said valve communicating with the main chamber and a valve for controlling the supply of fluid to said chamber, substantially as described.

4:. In combination the cylinder and piston, the valve chest having a main chamber, the

main valve therein, the valve frame in the main chamber having a bridge and a supplemental chamber with'an opening through the said bridge and a'regulating valve for controlling the said opening in the bridge, substantially as described.

5. In combination the cylinder and piston, the valve chest divided into two chambers, the suction valve in one chamber and the discharge valve in the other chamber, the valve frames for the said valves having the supplemental chambers, and the regulating valves for controlling the communication between the said supplemental chambers in rear of the Valves and the main chambers, substantially as described.

6. In combination the cylinder and piston, a valve chest, a valve therein, the valve frame in the valve chest having a supplemental pressure chamber in rear of the valve, the bridge in said frame having an opening, said frame having openings laterally through its walls near its upper end, the valve seating on the bridge, having its screw threaded portion seated at the upper end of the frame, and the cover for holding the valve frame in position, substantially as described.

7. In combination the cylinder and piston, the valve chest and the main valve, and valve frame therein, said valve frame having a supplemental pressure chamber in rear of the valve, the supplemental valve for controlling the supply of fluid to said supplemental chambet, the said supplemental valve having a hollow bore adapted to receive the upper end of the main valve stem, substantially as described.

8. In combination the cylinder and piston, the valve chest, the main valve and valve frame therein, the latter having a pressure chamber in rear of the valve, the supplemental valve for controlling the pressure in said chamber, the nut seated loosely in the upper end of the frame, in which the supplemental valve stem works, and the cover of the valve chest fitting over the valve frame and the nut, substantially as described.

9. In combination the cylinder and piston, the valve chest and the valve, the valve frame having the perforated bridge, the chambers 41,, 43, the upper and lower lateral openings through the walls of the frame and the supplemental valve for controlling the supply of fluid to the chamber 41, substantially as described.

10. In combination the cylinder and piston, the valve chest having a main chamber, the valve frame having asupplemental chamber, and the chamber ll the main valve consist; ing of a disk to close the opening to the cylinder, and a piston 30 in the chamber 41, connected to the main valve and a supplemental valve for controlling the pressure in the supplemental chamber, substantially as described.

11. In combination the cylinder the piston, the valve chest and the valve having inclined ribs to be acted upon by the current of fluid in its passage through the valve chest, said valve being free from retaining connections and adapted to rotate as it moves longitudinally to and from its seat substantially as described.

12. In combination the cylinder and piston, the suction valve 54, the valve frame 49 having the segments 51, the valve chest and the IOC IIO

ring 68 in said chest secured by the arms 69,

substantially as described.

CHAS. QUAST.

Witnesses:

E. (J. MENDE, JOHN N. JAcoBsEN. 

